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Before a judge will sign a search warrant （that will allow the police to search a premises or arrest a suspect）， the judge must have reliable information which states that a crime has been or is being committed and the suspect is involved. This information is termed as probable cause， based on which the judge will issue the warrant.
【注】 所谓Probable Cause （合理根据）是指，根据执法人员所了解的事实和情况或者所得到的可以合理信赖的信息，足以使一个正常而谨慎的人相信犯罪正在发生或者已经发生。
由于公民的人身、住所权利受宪法保护，逮捕的条件有严格限制。宪法第四条修正案要求除非具有“合理根据（ProbableCause）”，否则不得签发逮捕令。